Copper Shortage Threatens the Green Transition

Copper’s high conductivity, durability, and thermal performance make it indispensable for electric vehicles, wind turbines, solar farms, and grid upgrades, with a single EV containing 65–100 kg of copper and renewable installations lasting 20–30 years. The green transition’s rapid electrification raises per-capita copper demand, while supply is geographically concentrated, creating vulnerability to strikes, permits, or export controls. Analysts warn of a multi-trillion-dollar shortfall that could delay electrification timelines and inflate project costs.