The Download: mice with part-human brains and climate tech innovators

Stanford researchers engineered a mouse whose cortex is 50% human cells, using genetically modified mice that fail to fully develop their brains to allow human organoids to survive and function, a step that could aid brain-injury studies. The MIT Technology Review’s 2024 Innovators Under 35 list highlights nine climate-tech pioneers developing lithium-extraction methods, a low-emission steel furnace, solid refrigerants, AI-driven energy-efficiency tools, pollution-tracking systems, and waste-to-materials conversions. Concurrently, U.S. lawmakers passed a bill shifting grid costs to data centers, while U.S. and Chinese experts propose AI safeguards, and OpenAI disclosed new misbehavior reporting rules.