Where did all the public bathrooms go?

Paris installed ornate public urinals, called pissoirs, in the 1850s after cholera outbreaks made open urination a health hazard; the kiosks featured decorative ironwork, glass, and sometimes streetlamps, offering men a secluded place to relieve themselves. They quickly became social hubs for anonymous encounters and graffiti, prompting police patrols and blackmail, while similar public-toilet debates emerged in the United States over temperance and saloon reliance.